Dyadic cosine product 2026-10-14
The characteristic function of a Dyadic Rademacher series is , interpreted as one at zero. The characteristic function of a sum of independent variables gives the finite cosine products, and weak convergence of probability measures gives their displayed limit for every real . This argument includes zeros of the sinc function without taking logarithms of the factors.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2003 iii Paper 29 4 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
For the finite probability distribution, put . These are independent fair zero-one variables, andThe binary integer is uniform on . HenceThese are the midpoints of equal subintervals of . For every bounded continuous , the Riemann sums giveThus in the sense of weak convergence of probability measures.
For the almost-sure and assertions, the Dyadic Rademacher series converges absolutely on every sign sequence, since . Its tail satisfies , proving almost sure convergence and convergence in L2. More precisely, zero means and independence eliminate the cross terms:This identity follows first for finite tails and then by dominated convergence. Bounded continuous test functions and bounded convergence theorem identify the probability distribution of with the weak limit above, namely the uniform distribution on .
For the requested product identity, each Rademacher random variable has characteristic function . The characteristic function of a sum of independent variables therefore yieldsBy part (a), or directly by bounded convergence theorem, this converges to the characteristic function of a uniform distribution, . Consequently the dyadic cosine product isBoth sides are one at zero. At zeros of the sinc function the identity is understood as the limit of the finite products, so no logarithm or division by a vanishing factor is needed.