Electron-hole symmetry ($E_c(\mathbf{k})=-E_v(\mathbf{k})$)

Symmetry of the excitation spectrum under exchange of conduction band electrons and valence band holes, after choosing a central zero of energy. In a two-band model with equal effective masses and equal degeneracy factors, charge neutrality in an intrinsic semiconductor fixes the chemical potential at that central energy. Indeed the Fermi-Dirac distribution obeys $1-f(-E;\mu =0)=f(E;\mu =0)$, so excitation populations are equal at every positive energy.