Electroweak triple gauge coupling ($g_{WW\gamma }=e,g_{WWZ}=g\cos {\theta }_W$)

An interaction of three electroweak gauge bosons, especially $W^{+}{W}^{-}\gamma$ and $W^{+}{W}^{-}Z$. Their Standard Model coefficients and momentum dependence come from the cubic and quartic Yang-Mills self-interactions after neutral-field mixing. W-pair production tests their relative strengths through interference with neutrino exchange; effective anomalous couplings require a stated convention and consistency constraints.^[ref]