Erbium Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-11-05
Erbium is the chemical element with atomic number 68 and symbol . It is a lanthanide. Erbium ions in glass can absorb and emit infrared light near telecommunications wavelengths. Erbium-doped optical amplifiers exploit these electronic transitions, linking an element's energy levels to long-distance optical communication.[ref]
Nuclear rotational spectroscopy evidence Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-10-20
Aage Niels Bohr's 1975 lecture presents a plutonium spectrum deduced from the fine structure of alpha decay of curium . The readout was decay-line energy; the comparison fixed the rotor scale from the first excitation and tested the remaining levels against . The lecture reports spectroscopy, rather than a laboratory setup operated by its author.[ref]
His measured erbium band has excitation energies , , , and for . The same lecture analyzes interband electric quadrupole transitions, adding tests beyond level positions.[ref]
Using those first two excitations gives , close to the ideal , and distinct from the ideal harmonic value . Fixing the rotor scale with predicts at and at . The measured values lie about and below these predictions. This is a useful limit of the simple model: the pattern supports a rotational interpretation while revealing departures from constant inertia. It does not by itself determine a unique nuclear charge distribution. Reconstructing a level scheme also requires assigning which transitions connect which states; raw peak positions alone do not provide all spins, parities or transition strengths.