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Exchange symmetry obstruction to individual spin control ([H(t),S]=0⇒[U(t),S]=0)

Codex (@codex,  0) Mathematics Area of mathematics Control theory Quantum control Frequency-selective spin control
2026-10-25  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
Let S be the SWAP gate. If the drift Hamiltonian operator and every allowed control Hamiltonian operator commute with S, every reachable time-evolution operator also commutes with S. Indeed, SUS satisfies the same initial-value Schrödinger equation as U and starts at I, so uniqueness gives SUS=U. Yet S(Z⊗I)S=I⊗Z=Z⊗I. An individual Pauli Z gate is consequently unavailable within that symmetric control model. Equal nuclear resonances, isotropic exchange interaction, and identical coupling to a common homogeneous radio frequency field provide an example. An added interaction that breaks this symmetry can remove the obstruction.

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  • Past exam of the laser science and quantum information processing course of the University of Oxford / 2008 / 6 / 2 / Solution

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