Experimental Demonstration of Violations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics for Small Systems and Short Time Scales by G. M. Wang and others (2002, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.050601)

By G. M. Wang, E. M. Sevick, Emil Mittag, Debra J. Searles, Denis J. Evans.

Publisher: American Physical Society.

Published in Physical Review Letters.

Online text: rsc.anu.edu.au/~sevick/groupwebpages/papers/Wang_PRL89_50601%282002%29.pdf

Cited passages: Wang and colleagues, 2002, Eq. (2), Eq. (3), pp. 050601-2–4 and Figs. 1, 2 and 4; Wang and colleagues, 2002, p. 050601-2: apparatus, calibration and trajectory protocol.