A Faraday cup collects beam electric charge on a conducting electrode and measures the resulting electric current or accumulated electric charge. For complete collection of particles carrying known electric charge , and , providing a direct relation between the electrical signal and particle delivery.
The collector intercepts the beam. Its geometry and applied fields must account for escaping secondary electrons, which alter the net electric charge left on the cup. Background electric currents and incomplete collection also affect the inferred particle number. [ref]
Faraday Cup by the ALPHA experiment. ALPHA experiment: Faraday-cup counting of stored electron and positron plasmas
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A Faraday cup is a device used in various fields of physics and engineering, particularly in the study of charged particles and electron beams. Named after the scientist Michael Faraday, it serves as a tool for measuring the current of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, by collecting them and allowing for the measurement of the charge. The basic structure of a Faraday cup consists of a conductive cup or chamber that can capture and hold charged particles.