An earthquake source with spatial extent and a history of fault slip, rather than a single instantaneous point. Local slip rise time, advance of the rupture front and radiation travel times jointly control observed pulse shapes.
The time history of a specified earthquake source quantity, commonly moment rate. It differs from recorded ground velocity, which also contains radiation, propagation, instrument response and rupture directivity. A measured pulse width requires those assumptions before it is called a rupture duration.
Azimuth-dependent compression or stretching of observed source radiation because later-rupturing patches have different source-to-receiver travel times. A unilateral rupture generally yields shorter apparent duration in its forward direction. Pulse width also contains local slip rise time, instrument response and path effects, so directivity requires controlled comparisons.
The speed at which the rupture front advances along a fault plane. It is distinct from the local particle slip velocity and the propagating seismic wave speeds. Length equals only for the stated approximately constant-speed propagation geometry.
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