Lévy reflection theorem Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
For every finite collection of first-order formulas, there are arbitrarily large ordinals such that, for every and all parameters in ,The reflecting ordinals for form a closed unbounded class.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 128 1 a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
The Lévy reflection theorem says that for every finite collection of first-order formulas there are arbitrarily large ordinals such that, for every and every tuple of parameters ,Equivalently, the ordinals simultaneously reflecting all formulas in form a closed unbounded class.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 128 2 b Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Let , and suppose a first-order formula defines exactly one for every . Apply the Lévy reflection theorem to the formulas needed to express this assertion, choosing an ordinal with such thatfor every . Therefore every required value lies in the set .
The already established axiom schema of separation forms the setFunctionality makes exactly the range of the definable function on . This proves every instance of the Axiom schema of replacement in the generic extension .