The human gene encoding a transcription factor implicated in speech and language development through rare pathogenic variants. Related genes in other vertebrates provide mechanistic models, but the human phenotype is not equivalent to any single animal motor task. A gene-to-phenotype relationship does not by itself isolate one affected brain structure.[ref]
A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder by Cecilia S. L. Lai and others. Nature 413, 519–523; KE-family cosegregation and independent chromosome-translocation case
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FOXP2 is a gene that encodes a protein belonging to the forkhead box (FOX) family of transcription factors. It is primarily associated with language and speech development in humans. The gene is located on chromosome 7 and has been studied extensively in the context of human communication abilities. Mutations in the FOXP2 gene have been linked to language and speech disorders, particularly a condition known as specific language impairment (SLI).