Gene Dresselhaus, Arthur F. Kip and Charles Kittel used cyclotron resonance to investigate electrons and holes in silicon and germanium crystals. Their 1955 measurements near 4 kelvin combined light modulation with circularly polarized microwaves and changes in the crystal orientation relative to the magnetic field. The directional dependence of the resonance revealed anisotropic carrier effective mass values and the shape of constant-energy surfaces near the edges of the electronic band structure. The experiment turns the orbital motion of charge carriers into a probe of electronic band structure.[ref]
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Gene Dresselhaus is a noted American physicist, best known for his contributions to the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science. His work has significantly advanced the understanding of the electronic properties of materials, particularly in relation to semiconductors and nanostructures. Dresselhaus has authored or co-authored numerous scientific papers and is recognized for her research on thermoelectric materials and nanostructured systems.