Share a GHZ state on and let the unknown input be . Alice applies CNOT from to , then a Hadamard gate to , and measures computationally, giving . Charlie measures in the Hadamard basis, giving . Bob's conditional state is
up to a global phase. Alice's two bits and Charlie's one bit therefore specify Bob's inverse correction .
To prove the phase rule, write . After Alice's result, is . Taking Charlie's Hadamard basis partial inner product multiplies its second term relative to its first by . The remaining common phase is , which is physically irrelevant. All eight result triples have probability . Charlie's record localizes a known-phase Bell pair, allowing the standard Bell-basis teleportation identity to complete the transfer.

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