Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2008 iii Paper 74 3 i Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Let . For the complex wave before taking its real part,since . The asserted velocity equation therefore follows directly from . To verify the pressure amplitude, solenoidality is . Its derivative requiresand hence , as claimed.
The transverse amplitude equations areBoth coefficients are real. Differentiating makes the terms proportional to cancel, while the remaining terms give . Therefore the helicity invariant of an inviscid shearing wave obeysHere is real because the difference in its definition is purely imaginary. Its sign is preserved, and shear reduces its magnitude away from .
For background shear and uniform field , first-order smoothing gives the magnetic shearing-wave amplitude equationIf magnetic relaxation is fast compared with shear, after free transients decay. Thus the doubled Fourier-mode electromotive quantity is , where . The spatially averaged mean-field electromotive force of real waves has an extra factor . Using the helicity invariant of an inviscid shearing wave, and assuming the approximation holds uniformly in time with , givesIndeed , , and substitution uses .