Klaus von Klitzing coauthored the discovery of precisely quantized Hall resistance in a silicon device containing a two-dimensional electron gas. In a strong magnetic field, resistance plateaus followed values set by and an integer filling index, rather than changing smoothly with every microscopic device parameter. The 1980 work used the reproducibility for a precision-constants measurement. The integer quantum Hall effect thus connects a collective electronic state with a robust electrical reference.[ref]
Portrait of Klaus von Klitzing
. Pontifical Academy of Sciences; 27 October 2015. CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Source. Articles by others on the same topic
Klaus von Klitzing is a German physicist known for his significant contributions to condensed matter physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1985 for his discovery of the quantized Hall effect, which he observed while studying two-dimensional electron systems at very low temperatures and in strong magnetic fields. This phenomenon occurs when the electrical resistance of a two-dimensional conductor becomes quantized, meaning that it takes on discrete values rather than a continuous range.