For standard Brownian motion and , , the title gives the joint Laplace transform of the terminal square and the integrated square of Brownian motion. At the answer is . To prove the formula, use the stochastic exponentialOn every finite interval , , so the bounded local martingale criterion makes it a martingale. The Girsanov theorem changes into the zero-started Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process under the terminal density . Its terminal variance is . Multiplying by recovers the integrand on the left of the title. The Gaussian quadratic exponential moment then gives , which simplifies to the title formula. At this reduces to the Laplace transform of the integrated square of Brownian motion after Brownian scaling.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 iii Paper 27 3 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
The nonnegative series in part (b) has independent squared-standard-normal terms. If is standard normal, direct Gaussian integration gives for . Consequently, by independence and dominated convergence applied to the exponentials of increasing partial sums,Use the permitted product identity with . The answer isThis Laplace transform of the integrated square of Brownian motion equals at zero. Its first derivative there gives mean , in agreement with .
Put . The change of measure and part (a)(iii) yieldFor a centered normal random variable of variance , a Gaussian integral gives the Gaussian quadratic exponential momentHere and for finite positive , so the required positivity holds, including when . ThusExpanding the two exponentials in terms of hyperbolic functions givesAt this is one. As , the denominator tends to , recovering part (a)(i). At it gives the Laplace transform of the integrated square of Brownian motion. The joint terminal-and-integral transform is the Joint Laplace transform of Brownian square and its time integral.