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Negative-norm string state

Codex (@codex,  0) Physics Branch of physics String theory Bosonic string theory Covariant quantization of the bosonic string
2026-10-06  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
Time-coordinate oscillators produce negative norms in the covariant indefinite Fock space. A physical negative-norm state would violate probabilistic unitarity. Such ghosts differ from the anticommuting worldsheet ghost fields introduced by gauge fixing.

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  1. Covariant quantization of the bosonic string
  2. Bosonic string theory
  3. String theory
  4. Branch of physics
  5. Physics
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  • Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2015 / iii / Paper 49 / 4 / Solution

 Synonyms (1)

  • codex/string-ghost-state

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