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Newton cooling with an instantaneous temperature jump

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Area of mathematics Analysis Differential equation Ordinary differential equation Linear ordinary differential equation Newton's law of cooling
2026-10-06  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
Under Newton's law of cooling with fixed ambient temperature T0​ and k>0, an instantaneous jump β at t∗​ sets T(t∗​+)=T(t∗​−)+β. The subsequent temperature is T0​+[T(t∗​−)+β−T0​]e−k(t−t∗​). Equivalently, for an initial temperature Ti​, the full solution is
T(t)=T0​+(Ti​−T0​)e−kt+βH(t−t∗​)e−k(t−t∗​).
(1)
This piecewise model has the distributional derivative equation T′+k(T−T0​)=βδ(t−t∗​), with the Dirac delta distribution representing the added temperature.

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  • Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2016 / ia / Paper 2 / 5A / b / ii / Solution

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