Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 iii Paper 32 1 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Let denote a quantile of the standard normal distribution. Reject when . The statistical power at the specified positive effect isEquating this to and using gives . Thus, for the usual target ,Rounding up ensures at least the target statistical power. This normal-mean sample size calculation assumes a positive integer sample size; if a requested power is at most , every positive sample size already exceeds that target for , and one should not square a negative quantile sum to impose an unnecessary lower bound.