Two organomagnesium additions to a suitable ester give a tertiary alcohol after work-up. The first addition–elimination produces a ketone, which accepts the second carbon substituent.
Addition of an organomagnesium reagent to carbon dioxide followed by protonation gives a carboxylic acid with one additional carbon. A free acid cannot remain present during a subsequent Grignard addition without consuming reagent.
The Bürgi-Dunitz angle describes the oblique approach of a nucleophile toward a carbonyl carbon, conventionally measured relative to C=O. A typical trajectory is near , with the optimum depending on the system.
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