Consider a Galton-Watson process started by one individual, with offspring count with probability and with probability . Let count individuals producing two offspring. At the first generation, either , or for independent copies . Its probability generating function therefore satisfies andThe branch is fixed by . Differentiation at gives . Alternatively, generation has expected size , so its expected splitting count is and summing gives the same result. The total progeny is , since every split creates two new individuals.
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