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C. W. Tang coauthored a 1987 organic light-emitting diode paper with S. A. VanSlyke. It demonstrated an organic thin-film device in which injection of electrons and holes, followed by recombination near an internal interface, generated green light.

The reported brightness exceeded 1000 candelas per square metre at an applied electric potential difference below ten volts. Thin layers and suitable contacts addressed a central limitation of earlier organic emitters: obtaining substantial light output without a very large driving potential.^[ref]

The National Inventors Hall of Fame profile identifies the OLED co-inventor as Ching Wan Tang; the header retains the paper's initials.

An organic light-emitting diode produces light when injected electrons and electron holes recombine in an organic emitting layer. Contacts and transport layers bring the two charge-carrier types together; radiative relaxation of the resulting excited states supplies the emitted photons. The device is emissive, so an individual display pixel can generate its own light.

The 1987 two-layer device used an indium tin oxide anode, an organic hole-transport layer, an aluminum-chelate emitting layer and a magnesium-silver cathode. Electrode choice and the organic interface confined recombination to the emitting region. Measuring current and escaping light separately distinguished charge injection from useful optical output.^[ref]

S. A. VanSlyke coauthored the 1987 demonstration of an efficient organic light-emitting diode with C. W. Tang at Eastman Kodak. Their device used two deposited organic layers between an indium-tin-oxide anode and a magnesium-silver cathode.

This architecture brought electrons and holes together near the organic-layer interface, producing visible electroluminescence at an applied electric potential difference below ten volts. It connected control of carrier injection and recombination to practical light output.^[ref]

The National Inventors Hall of Fame profile identifies the OLED co-inventor as Steven Van Slyke. The header preserves the original publication byline.

Vladimir Bulović's organic-optoelectronics course connects molecular excited states with practical light-emitting and photovoltaic devices. Its treatment follows excitons from their creation through diffusion and energy transfer, then asks whether that excitation produces light or collected electric charge. This distinction explains why efficient absorption alone does not guarantee an efficient solar cell or organic light-emitting diode. Comparing molecular energy levels, interfaces and transport makes device behavior understandable from the processes that compete inside the material.^[ref]

MIT lists the instructor of Organic Optoelectronics lecture notes by Vladimir Bulović as Vladimir Bulovic.