Indium tin oxide is a conducting oxide material based on indium oxide doped with tin. It is valued for combining substantial electrical conductivity with transmission of visible light, allowing a thin layer to function as an electrode through which light can pass. Its composition is not represented by one universal stoichiometric formula.[ref]
The two properties probe different responses. Direct-current conduction measures mobile charge carriers, while optical transmission depends on frequency-dependent absorption and reflection as well as film thickness. Increasing carrier density can therefore change the optical response together with conductivity. Measurements of Hall effect and optical resonances help connect the electrical and optical descriptions of the same film.[ref]

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  1. Metal oxide
  2. Inorganic chemistry
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