The surviving call stack, from oldest to newest, is main, p, r, s, q. A dynamic link identifies the caller's stack frame, whereas a static link identifies the current activation of the lexically enclosing procedure. These need not identify the same stack frame.
The dynamic chain is
(1)
The individual static links are
(2)
main has no enclosing procedure; its links can be null. The p stack frame contains t=3 and x=3, and the q stack frame contains y=3. Return addresses are code addresses, not links to another stack frame. In particular, q returns dynamically to s while obtaining x statically from p.

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