Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2015 / iii / Paper 67 / 4 / c / Solution

For each interaction neighbourhood, setThen the shell term is $g^{(Z,s)}=G_s^{(Z)}-G_{s-1}^{(Z)}$. Since $H_0=h_Z$, its conjugation leaves $h_Z$ fixed, so $G_0^{(Z)}=h_Z\int w=h_Z$. Since $H_D=H$, $G_D^{(Z)}$ is precisely the choice of $g^{(Z)}$ from (b). Therefore the telescoping local-shell decomposition givesNo limiting interchange is needed: the sum has finitely many shells. Each $G_s^{(Z)}$ is supported within the union of supports appearing in $H_s$ together with $Z$, because its unitary time evolution acts trivially outside that neighbourhood. The individual shell terms need not commute with the full ground state projector; the full filtered sum does.