Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2017 / ia / Paper 3 / 9B / a

Assume $B$ is continuously differentiable. Apply the chain rule to each component with $z_j=t{x}_j$:Contracting the first identity with $x_j$ provesHere $\nabla$ differentiates with respect to $x$ at fixed $t$, while the time derivative holds $x$ fixed. The equality follows directly even at $t=0$; no division by $t$ is needed. It holds componentwise for the vector field, so it is not restricted to scalar functions.