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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2020 / ii / Paper 4 / 30J / i

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Mathematics course of the University of Cambridge Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2020 ii Paper 4 30J
Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
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i
The empirical risk is
f(β)=n1​∑i=1n​log2​(1+e−yi​xiT​β).
(1)
For g(z)=log2​(1+e−z),
g′′(z)=log(2)(1+ez)2ez​≥0,
(2)
so g is a convex function. Each signed margin yi​xiT​β is an affine function of β, and composition with an affine function preserves convexity. Equivalently,
∇2f(β)=n1​∑i=1n​g′′(yi​xiT​β)xi​xiT​
(3)
is a positive semidefinite matrix. Therefore f is convex.

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