Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2023 / ib / Paper 3 / 3B (Complex Methods)

Taking the complex derivative along the real direction givesTaking it along the imaginary direction and equating the two expressions gives the Cauchy-Riemann equations

Differentiate the affine relation with respect to $x$ and $y$:Using the Cauchy-Riemann equations, the second equation becomesThusThe determinant is $-(a^2+b^2)\ne 0$, so $u_x=v_x=0$ and therefore $f^{\prime }=0$. A holomorphic function with zero derivative on a connected open set is constant. Hence $f$ is constant, as in analytic function with image in an affine real line.