Past exam of the mathematics course of the year 1 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge / 2014 / Paper 1 / 11 / d

Resolve the input along the three perpendicular eigendirections. The linear map removes the component along $(1,2,1)$, stretches the component along $(1,-1,1)$ by $12$, and reverses and stretches the component along $(1,0,-1)$ by $6$. Every output lies in the plane perpendicular to $(1,2,1)$. A nonzero input in the kernel of a linear map $A$ is sent to zero; other nonzero inputs remain in that output plane. Equivalently, take the orthogonal projection onto this plane, then scale by the two signed eigenvalues along its perpendicular eigendirections.