Past exam of the rings and modules course of the University of Oxford / 2023 / 2 / b / iv

For every $i\in {\mathbb{N}}_0$, truncate $w$ before coordinate $i$:This $f_i$ lies in $F$. For $j<i$, $(w-f_i)(j)=0$. For $j\ge i$, $(w-f_i)(j)=w(j)=\pm 2^j$, which is divisible by $2^i$. In particular the integer sequencebelongs to $B$ and satisfies $w=f_i+2^i{g}_i$.

Apply the module homomorphism $\pi$. Since $f_i\in F\subseteq \ker \pi$,Fixing any coordinate $j$, the integer $\pi (w)(j)$ is therefore divisible by $2^i$ for every $i$. The only such integer is zero: if $a\ne 0$, choose $i$ with $2^i>|a|$, which rules out $a=2^{i}b$ for any nonzero integer $b$. Thus every coordinate of $\pi (w)$ vanishes, contradicting part (b)(iii).

It follows thatThe decisive property is vanishing of infinitely divisible integer sequences, namely ${\bigcap }_{i\ge 0}{2}^{i}B=\{0\}$.