Use four-variable Karnaugh maps with rows and columns , both in Gray code order. A dash denotes an unused present state. The maps for the three next-state bits areFor , join its sole one with the dash directly below it. For , use the four-cell groups and , and the two-cell group ; the last group wraps between the top and bottom rows. For , join the one at row , column to the dash below it; the one at row , column is isolated. These prime implicants giveHere products mean Boolean conjunction and sums mean Boolean disjunction. The inputs are the desired next-state bits of the three D flip-flops. The equations are independent of the unused values except for the explicitly chosen Karnaugh map groups.
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