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Special Publication 811, Appendix B.8, conversion factors. Modern metric equivalents corroborate rounded values; they are distinguished from historical calibrations.

National Severe Storms Laboratory explanation of hail growth, updraft support and ice layering. It explicitly rejects treating the layers simply as a record of repeated up-and-down cycles.

National Weather Service training compilation crediting Jeff Haby. The frost sections distinguish deposition from frozen dew and explain why radiatively cooled surfaces may freeze while the standard-height air observation remains above freezing.

National Ocean Service explanation distinguishing fair-weather and tornadic waterspouts.

The sections on haloes and parhelia identify hexagonal ice crystals and the approximately $22^{\circ }$ minimum angular scale.

National Meteorological Library and Archive factsheet 16, World Climates. The opening discussion distinguishes climate from a single average and lists the principal geographical and circulation controls.

National Centers for Environmental Information product description and data-access page. The conventional 30-year products include daily, monthly and annual statistics; the reference interval is part of the statistic.

Volume II, chapter VI, §442, contrasts Siméon Denis Poisson's induced molecular magnetization with Wilhelm Eduard Weber's pre-existing molecular magnets. A publisher transcription of that section is available at www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/treatise-on-electricity-and-magnetism/webers-theory-of-magnetic-induction/672E4931AABCC94ED48AE9B952B85B48.

By John Lekner. Proceedings of the Royal Society A 468, pp. 2829–2848; published online 23 May 2012. The paper's exact result concerns finite conducting spheres. It is distinct from the leading small-sphere model used in charged conducting sphere in a slowly varying electric field.

By Nicole Fan, Chunhui Zhou and Elina Myagkaya. Published 4 October 2021 in Scientific Reports 11, article 19686. The introduction distinguishes mineral–organic layer interference from surface-groove diffraction; equation 1 gives a repeating-layer interference condition.

Edited by William Crookes. The linked Chatto & Windus reprint is dated 1894. The 1860 edition is separately catalogued by the Biodiversity Heritage Library: www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/29969. Lecture VI includes carbon-point electrical light and a heated platinum bridge.

Philosophical Transactions 135, pp. 155–172, with additional remarks on pp. 172–177. The reported cooling bath and alcohol-thermometer limitations occur on printed p. 158. Pressure and temperature readings there are historical experimental indications.

WMO-No. 8, seventh edition. Part I, chapter 3 describes atmospheric-pressure measurement and mercury-barometer corrections.

National Bureau of Standards Monograph 8, issued 20 May 1960. Title-page authors: W. G. Brombacher, D. P. Johnson and J. L. Cross. Sections 5.1–5.3 distinguish adjustable and fixed cisterns; sections 8–10 treat capillarity, temperature and gravity corrections.

Museum inventory 1417, dated 1840, identifies a many-turn fine-wire instrument with Carlo Matteucci's muscle-current research. Its inscription reads “Galvanometro del Matteucci / 1840 / Corrente Muscolare”.

A two-page leaflet hosted on the National Weather Service website. The section “How Lightning Hurts Us” distinguishes electrical, thermal and air-blast mechanisms.

Full text: tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=900914

Primary preprint record and full paper. Section 3 defines the Clifford group as the normalizer of the Pauli group; Table 1 gives the generator conjugations used to track Clifford circuits. The preprint was submitted on 1 July 1998 and the conference contribution was published in 1999, preceding the examination.

Official datasheet: Texas Instruments, SCHS032D. Section 8.2 specifies the JK flip-flop state changes. The July 2021 document revision postdates the sitting; it corroborates the established device truth table rather than supplying a later examination convention.