A polariton is a hybrid light–matter excitation formed by strong coupling between a photon and a material excitation. For an exciton-polariton, the material component is an exciton.
A phonon polariton is a normal mode mixing an electromagnetic field with a polar optical lattice vibration. In a lossless isotropic oscillator model, . With , its two transverse branches obey . The nearly flat longitudinal optical mode is distinct from the upper transverse branch.
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A polariton is a quasiparticle that arises from the strong coupling of light (photons) with a material excitations, such as excitons, phonons, or other collective excitations in a medium. Polariton behavior occurs when the interactions between photons and these excitations are significant enough to lead to the formation of a new type of particle that exhibits mixed characteristics of both light and the excitations of the material.