The posterior predictive probability averages the conditional probability over the Bayesian posterior. Using its gamma distribution density,
For fixed and ,
Consequently , and both tend to . This is reasonable because the posterior mean tends to the observed rate and the posterior variance tends to zero. Averaging then approaches evaluating it at the estimated rate: with abundant observations, predictive uncertainty about the rate vanishes.
Let , and . These are the two prior precision parameters. Completing the square in gives the Normal-normal conjugacy update
Thus the posterior mean is a precision-weighted average of the observed mean and the prior center zero. The posterior variance is the reciprocal of the total precision.
Posterior variance 2026-10-06
A posterior variance is the variance of a parameter under its Bayesian posterior, namely when finite. It describes remaining uncertainty after observing data and is distinct from the repeated-sampling variance of a fitted estimator.