Product-formula Hamiltonian simulation

Product-formula Hamiltonian simulation approximates

e^{- i t (A + B)}

by alternating exponentials of

A

and

B

, which are assumed easier to implement separately.

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- Second-order product formula Product-formula Hamiltonian simulation

Second-order product formula

The symmetric second-order formula, also called Strang splitting, is

e^{- i δ A /2} e^{- i δ B} e^{- i δ A /2} = e^{- i δ (A + B)} + O (δ^{3})

for bounded operators, with the constant controlled by nested commutators.

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