Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2022 iii Paper 201 3 a Solution 2026-09-28
Prokhorov's theorem says that a sequence of Borel probability measures on is relatively compact for weak convergence of probability measures exactly when it is tight: for every , some compact satisfies .
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2022 iii Paper 201 3 c Solution 2026-09-28
The masses converge and are therefore bounded. Part b and Tonelli theorem giveThe integrands are uniformly bounded. By pointwise convergence and the continuity of at zero, the right side can be made uniformly small for all sufficiently large by taking large; finitely many remaining measures are individually tight. Thus is tight. Applying Prokhorov's theorem after normalizing the masses, or adjoining missing mass at one fixed point, gives a weakly convergent subsequence.