Cryptographic tasks and protocols using quantum systems. Quantum key distribution is one application; it should not be confused with post-quantum cryptography, which studies classical schemes intended to resist quantum computation.
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Quantum cryptography is a cutting-edge field of cryptography that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to provide secure communication that is theoretically immune to eavesdropping. The main feature of quantum cryptography is its use of quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to the phenomenon of superposition.