Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2017 iii Paper 305 1 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-05
Assume a complete relativistically normalized basis of scalar momentum eigenstates transforms asThis states both reversal of spatial momentum and preservation of the normalization of basis quantum states. Antilinearity alone would not suffice: multiplying a conjugation operator by two gives an antilinear operator that multiplies squared norms by four.
Expand and similarly for , with . This Lorentz-invariant phase-space measure is unchanged under . The antilinearity of the quantum time-reversal operator gives conjugated expansion coefficients. Orthogonality of the momentum eigenstates and cancellation of their unit-modulus phases yieldSince momentum reversal is a bijection of the complete basis, is also onto. ThusThis proves antiunitarity, with the normalization hypothesis explicitly included. For scalar multiparticle quantum states the same argument uses the complete occupation-state basis and reverses all momenta; it is not restricted to a single-particle wave packet.
Time reversal of a Dirac field 2026-10-05
The spinor matrix obeys , with and . Conjugating the explicit and three spatial matrices also gives . With spin phases and identities , relabeling spin and momentum in the mode expansion of a Dirac field gives , because . That last relation is phase-convention dependent; the quantum time-reversal operator itself is not just a spinor matrix.