radiation damage is a radiation-induced change in a specimen. In biological electron microscopy, accumulated exposure can alter chemical groups and remove high-resolution information, so recording more electrons has competing signal and damage effects.
Displacement of an atom when a collision transfers enough momentum to exceed its displacement threshold. Its energy dependence differs from radiolysis.
Chemical damage initiated by ionization and electronic excitation from radiation. It is distinct from direct momentum-transfer knock-on displacement; the useful image information per damaging event depends on beam energy and specimen.
Chemical transformation of water initiated by ionizing radiation. Both reducing and oxidizing products occur; observed net redox chemistry depends on the solution and reactions of primary products.
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Radiation damage refers to the detrimental alterations that can occur in materials, biological tissues, and living organisms as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. This radiation can come from various sources, including radioactive materials, cosmic rays, and certain medical treatments (like X-rays and radiation therapy for cancer). ### Types of Radiation 1. **Ionizing Radiation**: This type of radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions.