Rank map in topological K-theory ($\mathrm{rk}:K^0(X)\to H^0(X;\mathbb{Z})$)

The rank of a vector bundle is locally constant on the base. Taking the difference of the ranks extends to the Grothendieck group of vector bundles, giving the rank map in Topological K-theory. For a finite CW complex, its kernel consists of classes of rank zero on every connected component.

For a finite CW complex, every element in the kernel of the rank map in topological K-theory is a nilpotent element. One proof adjoins one positive-dimensional cell at a time: the restriction kernel is square-zero by the relative product in topological K-theory. For connected spaces the rank-zero kernel is Reduced topological K-theory; for disconnected spaces the kernel of restriction to just one basepoint can contain nonzero idempotents.