A specialized plant organ hosting symbiotic nitrogen fixation in compatible associations. Nodule initiation, bacterial infection and effective nitrogen fixation are separable outcomes.
Formation of root nodules. More nodules do not necessarily imply more effective nitrogen fixation or greater host benefit.
Systemic feedback restricting additional nodulation after symbiotic signaling has begun. Root-to-shoot and shoot-to-root communication coordinates local initiation with whole-plant status.
TOO MUCH LOVE, a root-localized negative regulator of symbiotic susceptibility targeted by miR2111 in Lotus japonicus.
HYPERNODULATION ABERRANT ROOT FORMATION1, a Lotus japonicus receptor kinase with a shoot role in systemic restriction of nodulation.
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