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Single-vertex scalar two-point graph (S=2k−1(k−1)!)

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Physics Branches of physics Quantum field theory Perturbative quantum field theory Feynman diagram Tadpole diagram
2026-10-25  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
For interaction λ2k​ϕ2k/(2k)!, one vertex with two labelled external legs has k−1 independently paired tadpole diagrams. Counting contractions gives symmetry factor S=2k−1(k−1)!. In a normalized Euclidean path integral, its amputated contribution is −λ2k​TD​(m)k−1/S, where TD​ is the tadpole integral. It is linear in the coupling but has k−1 loops and a highest four-dimensional ultraviolet pole of order k−1 for nonzero mass.

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  • Past exam of the quantum field theory course of the University of Oxford / 2018 / 2 / c / Solution

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