“Arrives at infinity with zero speed” is an asymptotic statement. For outward radial motion at zero specific orbital energy,
Every finite distance takes finite time, but as . There is no instant of rest at an infinitely distant destination. Differentiating the displayed solution gives , independently checking Newton's second law. In the synthetic example, reaching takes exactly . For nonzero specific angular momentum, the Barker equation gives the corresponding infinite-time limit along a parabolic trajectory. Positive-energy escape also takes infinite time to reach infinity; it retains nonzero asymptotic speed.
Zero-torque inner boundary condition Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-11-05
The zero-torque inner boundary condition sets the internal disk torque to zero at a chosen inner radius. It still permits a nonzero accretion rate: the gas carries its own specific angular momentum across the boundary. For a steady Keplerian disk, it gives . A rapid plunge near the innermost stable circular orbit motivates this approximation, but magnetic coupling or a stellar boundary layer requires examination of the actual stresses.[ref]