Steric hindrance is the restriction of access to a reactive site or molecular arrangement by the spatial demands of surrounding groups. It can affect both relative stability and reaction barriers; these are distinct effects.
Energetic destabilization associated with unfavourably close nonbonded contacts or deformation needed to avoid those contacts.
A 1,3-Diaxial interaction is the close nonbonded contact between axial groups separated by one ring atom in a chair. Replacing a carbon-bearing axial hydrogen by an oxygen changes this contact, so cyclohexane substituent preferences cannot be transferred unchanged to dioxanes.
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