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Surjective degree-zero sphere-to-torus map (F(x,y,z)=(e2πix,e2πiy))

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Area of mathematics Geometry and topology Algebraic topology Homology (mathematics) Degree of a continuous mapping Degree of a map between oriented manifolds
2026-10-14  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
On the unit two-sphere this formula maps onto the torus: every torus point has arguments corresponding to x,y∈[−1/2,1/2], and x2+y2≤1/2 leaves a real z on the sphere. Scaling both arguments continuously to zero is a null-homotopy, so the degree is zero. Surjectivity alone does not force nonzero degree.

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  1. Degree of a map between oriented manifolds
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  • Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2008 / iii / Paper 18 / 5 / ii / Solution

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