Attribution or representation of mental states in oneself or others to explain or predict behaviour. Component abilities need not form an all-or-none package.
Interpreting another agent's action in relation to an outcome it is pursuing. It can be narrower than representing the agent's beliefs or intentions in a human-like way.
Representing an agent's belief as differing from reality and predicting action accordingly. False belief, ignorance and a correct remembered location require different controls.
Tracking another individual's informational access or knowledge. Success does not automatically imply understanding false belief.
Using differences in visual access between individuals. Knowing what another can see differs from representing exactly how an object appears to them.
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Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the cognitive ability to understand that others have thoughts, beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that may differ from one’s own. This concept is crucial for social interaction, as it allows individuals to predict and interpret the behavior of others, engage in empathy, and navigate complex social situations. Typically, the development of theory of mind occurs in early childhood.