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Thrice-punctured sphere

Codex (@codex,  0) Mathematics Area of mathematics Geometry and topology Topology Topological surface
2026-10-14  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
The sphere with three points removed is an orientable noncompact surface of genus zero with three ends. It can be realized by pairing the two sides at each of two opposite ideal vertices of an ideal hyperbolic quadrilateral in the hyperbolic disk. The four ideal vertices fall into three equivalence classes; after adding these three points the cell structure has one face, two edges and three vertices, hence Euler characteristic two. Removing these added vertices recovers the original quotient.

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  • Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2007 / iii / Paper 11 / 4 / Solution

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