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A Dounce homogenizer mechanically disrupts cells with a fitted glass pestle moving inside a glass vessel. Relative motion drives fluid through the narrow clearance, generating deformation and shear stress in the sample. The device is commonly operated manually. ^[ref]

Different pestle clearances produce different flow and disruption. The resulting preparation depends on sample mechanics and the applied motion, so homogenization is a controlled physical treatment rather than simple mixing. Microscopy can test whether the desired cellular material was released and which structures remained intact.