Yukawa fermion box Created 2026-10-07 Updated 2026-11-05
Four scalar Yukawa interactions on a closed fermion loop generate a scalar four-point one-particle-irreducible vertex. At high momentum four dirac propagators contribute , leaving a logarithmic four-dimensional ultraviolet divergence. Its local scalar-fourth-power term requires a quartic scalar coupling; scalar mass and field counterterms cannot cancel it.