On a connected locally finite recurrent graph, root Wilson's algorithm at a fixed graph vertex and process a countable enumeration of the graph vertices. Every walk hits the existing tree almost surely, since it contains . Each attached graph path is finite, and the union is a connected acyclic spanning subgraph. Its law is the infinite uniform spanning tree.
It is also the common free and wired finite-volume limit of a sequence along every graph exhaustion. For a finite edge set, run a finite initial segment of the chosen enumeration containing all its endpoints. Its membership is then permanently decided, because later attachments have new internal graph vertices. Only finitely many finite random-walk trajectories were used, and their graph vertices and graph neighbours fit inside all sufficiently large exhaustion sets. Coupling then gives convergence of those finite-dimensional edge laws for both boundary conventions. Finite Wilson's algorithm is root/order independent, so the limiting law is too. There is no uniform counting measure on all infinite spanning trees; the definition is this limiting probability law.
Uniform-spanning-tree path representation of loop-erased random walk Created 2026-10-06 Updated 2026-10-07
On a finite connected unweighted graph, the graph path between and in a uniform spanning tree has the law of loop-erased random walk from to . Root Wilson's algorithm at and process first: the first attached graph path is exactly that loop erasure, and later attachments cannot change it. Changing the root to proves reversibility of loop-erased random walk, even though chronological loop erasure does not commute with reversing each individual random-walk trajectory.