Weighted dilation kernel ($G(x,y)=a(x)f(b(x)y)$)

Let $f$ be a Borel measurable function in L1 space on $\mathbb{R}$, and let $a,b$ be measurable real functions of $x$ with $b(x)>0$ and $W={\int }_{\mathbb{R}}|a(x)|/b(x)dx<\infty$. The joint integrand $G(x,y)=a(x)f(b(x)y)$ is measurable, and Tonelli's theorem followed by Lebesgue substitution on an interval givesFor each fixed $x$, substitute $z=b(x)y$ in the inner $y$ integral. The absolute Jacobian is $1/b(x)$, leaving $|a(x)|\Vert f{\Vert }_1/b(x)$. Integrating in $x$ proves the formula and absolute integrability. Fubini's theorem then permits both orders of signed integration, givingThe one-dimensional sections are integrable for almost every value of the other variable; the theorem does not assert integrability of every section.